Learning about Spices
What is a spice?
Why were spices important?
Sources of spices
Perfumes and Incenses 
Use of spices as aphrodisiacs
Use of spices as medicines
Culinary herbs
A spice timeline

Table of Spices
Allspice (Pimento)
Anise
Black Pepper
Cardamom
Cassia
Chile Pepper
Chocolate
Cinnamon
Clove
Coriander (Cilantro)
Cumin
Dill
Fennel
Fenugreek
Frankincense and Myrrh
Galangal
Garlic
Ginger
Horseradish
Licorice
Mustard
Nutmeg and Mace
Onion
Saffron
Sugar
Sumac
Tamarind
Turmeric
Vanilla

Contacts and Acknowledgments

CHEMICALS IN SPICES

Most spices and savory herbs have been used as gastrointestinal therapies, aphrodisiacs and non-specific tonics. The more pungent ones are counter-irritants, and have been used for relieving pain and for an anti-inflammatory effect. Many have antibacterial or antifungal properties. Some are claimed to be able to prevent cancers, perhaps because they appear to have strong antioxidant effects. Most of the more potent medical benefits have not been proved, and the responsible chemical(s) are difficult to identify.

Group Description Example Effect
Alkaloids bitter amines chile: capsaicin counter-irritant for pain
Bioflavonoids phenolic pigments rosemary: luteolin antioxidant
Essential oils Mixtures of volatiles clove: various aphrodisiacs, perfume
Glycosides carbohydrate derivatives garlic: alliin expectorant, etc.
Phenylpropanoids cinnamic acid derivatives cinnamon: eugenol topical anesthetic
Resins terpene oxidants myrrh: resin acids antibacterial
Saponins soapy hemolysants licorice: glycyrrhizin anti-inflammatory
Sterols steroid precursors sesame: linoleic acid anti-oxidant
Tannins polyphenolics tea: catechin anti-oxidant
Terpenes isoprene derivatives ginger: zingiberene anti-nauseant

Back to Record

Spice Exhibit URL: http://unitproj.library.ucla.edu/biomed/spice/index.cfm

History & Special Collections
UCLA Louise M. Darling Biomedical Library
12-077 CHS, Box 951798
UCLA
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1798
Tel: 310/825-6940
Fax: 310/825-0465

©2002 Regents of the University of California